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Turkeytail Harrison Associated Dates: 4000 – 2500 Y.B.P.
ABOVE, FAR RIGHT: TRKYFUL01: Turkeytail, Fulton type General Description: contracting stem; base forms a point; straight shoulder and rounded shoulder edge TURKEYTAIL FULTON POINT THUMBNAIL GALLERY
LEFT: TRKYFUL02: Turkeytail, Fulton type ABOVE, RIGHT: TRKYFUL03: Turkeytail point; source: Illinois State Museum
ABOVE: TRKYFUL04: Turkeytail, Fulton type; 4.0 inches (100mm); no location
ABOVE: TRKYFUL05:Turkeytail points made of Gray/Blue Indiana Hornstone; southern Indiana; the two larger points are 5.25 inches (131.25mm) while the smaller is 5.13 inches (128.25mm).
ABOVE: TRKYFUL06: Turkeytail, Fulton type; 5.0 inches (125mm); no location given
ABOVE: TRKYFUL07: Turkeytail point, Fulton type; Harrison Co., Indiana; 4.13 inches (103.25mm); see second image below
ABOVE: TRKYFUL08: second view of Turkeytail point above
ABOVE: TRKYFUL09: Turkeytail, Fulton type; southern Indiana; 7.75 inches (193.75mm)
ABOVE: TRKYFUL10: Turkeytail points, Fulton type; part of the Pennington Cache of 181-plus examples of this form found on a single site in Kentucky. For more information see: http://penbrandt.tripod.com
ABOVE: TRKYFUL11: Turkeytail, Fulton form; Indiana 5.0 inches (125mm)
ABOVE: TRKYFUL12: Turkeytail point, Fulton form; Harrison Co., Indiana; 4.75 inches (118.75mm); gray hornstone; first of two images
ABOVE: TRKYFUL13: second of two views of Turkeytail Fulton point above
ABOVE: TRKYFUL14: Turkeytail point, Fulton type; 4.31 inches (107.75mm); Harrison County chert
ABOVE: TRKYFUL15: Turkeytail point, Fulton form; Christian Co., Kentucky; 4.25 inches (106.25mm); Harrison County chert
ABOVE: TRKYFUL16: Fulton-type Turkeytail point; Perry Co., Indiana; 5.75 inches (143.75mm)
ABOVE: TRKYFUL17: second view of Turkeytail, Fulton form, above
ABOVE: TRKYFUL18: Turkeytail, Fulton form; Meade Co., Kentucky; 4.38 inches (109.5mm)
ABOVE, L-R: TRKYFUL19 AND TRKYFUL20: Turkeytail, Fulton form; first and second of three images
ABOVE: TRKYFUL21: third of three images of Turkeytail, Fulton form point shown above
ABOVE: TRKYFUL22: Turkeytail, Fulton form; Ohio; 5.5 inches (139.7mm); hornstone
Turkeytail Harrison (a.k.a. “Beaver Tail”) Associated Dates: 4000 - 2500 Y.B.P. - Late Archaic to Woodland Also See: Benton Double Notched, Fulton Turkeytail, Gary, Hebron Turkeytail Location: Midwestern to Eastern United States Morphology: Side Notched General Description: The Harrison Turkeytail is a medium to large sized spear point or knife form with a wide, thin, elliptical, more or less bi- or double- pointed, having a leaf-shaped blade that has broad and shallow side notches near the basal end forming a large triangular stem. The tip is often acute and needle-like. This type of blade is usually found in caches (especially large specimens) and has been reproduced in recent years by modern flintknappers. Many believe that the type, especially those found in caches, was ceremonial in nature. The smaller specimens in the 60 to 90 mm range have been found in the field probably used as knives or projectile points. The Turkeytail is attributed to the Adena culture. It has been found in Benton caches in Mississippi which were carbon dated to approximately 4000 Y.B.P. The Turkeytail was typically made from Indiana hornstone or nodular cherts from Kentucky or Carter Cave (Paoli) chert. Often these blades were made from the center of these chert nodules and thus feature so-called bulls-eyes in mid-blade with so-called "rinds" on each of the two tips. The Harrison Turkeytail is primarily found in Eastern Missouri, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama, Michigan, Wisconsin and into Canada; however it can also be found with decreasing frequency in adjoining areas. The size of the Harrison Turkeytail ranges from 50 mm to 203 mm in length. The width ranges from 22mm wide to 41 mm. The Turkeytail family was named by collectors since it resembles the tail of a dressed turkey. The Turkeytail type was first defined by E. Scully in 1951. There are two other subtypes in the Turkeytail family which were first discussed by Mary Ellen Didier in 1967. They are the Fulton (varieties being: Dickson, Kimel, FKRS (Fulton, Knox, Ross, Spoon, and Stemmed) and Hebron types. Each of the three Turkeytail types are further refined into varieties by Didier which she based upon caches found of similar outline. Many of the varieties are very difficult to distinguish and these "hairline" divisions of shape are very difficult to define for consistent identification. The Harrison Turkeytail was defined in 1963 by Lewis R. Binford for specimens which he found in Harrison County, Indiana. The Harrison combines the Mitchell and Marshall varieties. Both of these varieties are narrow in width to length proportions and have a triangular shaped stem which is larger than those exhibited on the other types of Turkeytail points. The notches and stem of the Harrison also tend to be wider than those on the other Turkeytail types. The resulting form of the Harrison Turkeytail is one that exhibits a narrower outline with a sturdier hafting area in comparison to the other Turkeytail types.
ABOVE: TTHAR01: Turkeytail point, Harrison form; see below for details About the Point Above: The medium sized point pictured above appears to be a Harrison Turkeytail. The pictured point measures 77 mm in length and is 36 mm wide. The maximum blade thickness is 9 mm with the vast majority of the blade being 6 mm in thickness. This blade is made from a dark brown dull chert and is highly patinated. This specimen was found in Obion County, Tennessee. Catalog Number 139-30-D TURKEYTAIL HARRISON POINT THUMBNAIL GALLERY (70 images: 35 source images/35 thumbnails)
ABOVE: TTHAR02: Turkeytail “Harrison” from Oneida, Wisconsin, 4.43 inches; first of two images
ABOVE: TTHAR03: second view of Turkeytail Harrison point above
ABOVE: TTHAR04: Turkeytail point, probably Harrison form; Henderson Co., Tennessee; 4.63 inches (115.75mm)
ABOVE: TTHAR05: Turkeytail points, probably all Harrison form; Kentucky and Tennessee, but not specified which is from where
ABOVE: TTHAR06: a Turkeytail point, probably Harrison type; 7.0 inches (175mm); Grey Hornstone flint; Clark Co., Indiana
ABOVE: TTHAR07: Turkeytail point, probably Harrison type; Tennessee; 3.68 inches (92mm)
ABOVE: TTHAR08: Turkeytail, apparently Harrison type; Cumberland River, Tennessee; 4.88 inches (122mm); see second image below
ABOVE: TTHAR09: second image of Turkeytail point above
ABOVE: TTHAR10: Turkeytail points, apparently Harrison form; Kentucky and Tennessee, but no individual location assignment
ABOVE: TTHAR11: Turkeytail point, Harrison type; Lyon Co., Kentucky; 4.88 inches (122mm); grey hornstone flint
ABOVE: TTHAR12: Turkeytail points, all apparently Harrison form – although the one on the right is ambiguous; from Kentucky. Source: Charles Riley, the Rock Board
ABOVE: TTHAR13: two Harrison-form Turkeytail points from Kentucky, both exhibiting the fairly rare double-notching of the basal extension. Source: Charles Riley, the Rock Board
ABOVE: TTHAR14: Turkeytail point, Harrison type; Kentucky; Crab Orchard chert. Source: Brian Smith, the Rock Board
ABOVE: TTHAR15: Turkeytail Harrison; Tennessee; 5.0 inches (125mm)
ABOVE, L-R: TTHAR16 AND TTHAR17: Turkeytail Harrison point; Kentucky; 2.13 inches (53.25mm)
ABOVE: TTHAR18: Turkeytail Harrison point; St. Clair Co., Illinois; 2.16 inches (54mm); Indiana hornstone
ABOVE: TTHAR19: Turkeytail, Harrison form; Tennessee River, Harding Co., Tennessee; 5.38 inches (134.5mm); Clifton chert
ABOVE, L-R: TTHAR20 AND TTHAR21: Turkeytail point, Harrison form; Livingston Co., Kentucky; 3.63 inches (90.75mm)
ABOVE, L-R: TTHAR22 AND TTHAR23: Turkeytail point, Harrison type; Webster Co., Kentucky; 3.38 inches (84.5mm); Kentucky hornstone
ABOVE: TTHAR24 AND TTHAR25: Turkeytail point, Harrison type; Union Co., Kentucky; 2.88 inches (72mm); hornstone
ABOVE: TTHAR26: Turkeytail points, Harrison type; Watt’s Cave, Todd Co., Kentucky; largest point is approximately 3.75 inches (87.5mm); next image shows the other side of these same points – the contrast is striking
ABOVE: TTHAR27: opposite-side view of the Turkeytail Harrison point cluster shown above; note heavy patination
ABOVE: TRKYFUL11: Turkeytail, Fulton form; Indiana 5.0 inches (125mm)
ABOVE: TRKYFUL12: Turkeytail point, Fulton form; Harrison Co., Indiana; 4.75 inches (118.75mm); gray hornstone; first of two images
ABOVE: TTHAR28: Turkeytail point, Harrison form; southern Indiana; 4.75 inches (118.75mm)
ABOVE: TTHAR29: Turkeytail point, Harrison form; Indiana; 4.25 inches (106.25mm)
ABOVE, L-R: TTHAR30 AND TTHAR31: Harrison-form Turkeytail point; Manitowoc Co., Wisconsin; 5.0 inches (125mm); hornstone
ABOVE: TTHAR32: Turkeytail points, Harrison type; no location given’ the largest is approximately 2.75 inches (69.8mm); first of two views. Source: Chris Merriam, Arrowheadsonline dot com
ABOVE: TTHAR33: second of two views of Turkeytail points, Harrison type, shown above. Source: Chris Merriam, Arrowheadsonline dot com
ABOVE: TTHAR34: Turkeytail point, Harrison form; Richland Co., Ohio; 6.68 inches (169.6mm); Coshocton chert
ABOVE: TTHAR35: Turkeytail point, Harrison form; Tennessee; 6.68 inches (169.6mm) Turkeytail Hebron Associated Dates: 4000 – 2500 Y.B.P.
TURKEYTAIL HEBRON POINT THUMBNAIL GALLERY
ABOVE: TRKYTAILHEB01: Turkeytail Hebron point; Missouri; 2.68 inches (67mm)
ABOVE:TRKYTAILHEB02: Turkeytail point, Hebron form; Decatur Co., Tennessee; 4.88 inches (122mm)
TRKYTAILHEB03: Turkeytail, Hebron form; Daviess Co., Indiana; 5.0 inches (125mm); material is Indiana hornstone; source: http://www.theaaca.com
TRKYTAILHEB04: Turkeytail point, Hebron type; found near Richmond, Indiana; 4.75 inches (118.75mm); source: http://www.theaaca.com Turkeytail Tupelo Associated Dates: 4800 – 4000 Y.B.P.
General Description: may be notched towards base of blade; narrower blade than other forms of Turkeytail Turner Associated Dates: 1000 – 800 Y.B.P.
General Description: A small arrow point with a long triangular blade and straight edges. Serrations are usually present, ranging from fine to bold. A diagnostic feature is the reduced or inset needle tip and amorphous to stepped stem which ranges from bulbous to roughly diamond-shaped. The Turner point is a variant of the Hayes point and is usually mortuary context. Distribution: Primarily Southwest Arkansas, but may range to southeast Oklahoma, northeast Texas, and extreme northwest Louisiana.
Turney Associated Dates: 400 – 200 Y.B.P.
Tutchone, Northern Associated Dates: pending (for non-stone points, see the stand-alone file, “ZZZBONE”)
ABOVE: Northern and Southern Tutchone territories. Source: http://www.firstnationsseeker.ca General Description: The Northern and Southern Tutchone are Athapaskan-speaking peoples of the Yukon (with some overlap into British Columbia). According to the Canadian Encyclopedia, “Their homeland is the vast plateau dissected by the Alsek and Yukon River headwaters, flanked on the southwest by the Coastal and St Elias mountains and on the northeast by the Selwyn range.” The Northern Tutchone occupy the central portion or “heart” of the Yukon while the Southern Tutchone are found in the southwest area of the Yukon Although the root of both languages is similar, the languages are now so dissimilar in content (a speaker of either would have difficulty communicating with a speaker of the other) that some sources consider them to be separate languages Tutchone, Southern Associated Dates: pending (for non-stone points, see the stand-alone file, “ZZZBONE”)
General Description: The Northern and Southern Tutchone are Athapaskan-speaking peoples of the Yukon (with some overlap into British Columbia). According to the Canadian Encyclopedia, “Their homeland is the vast plateau dissected by the Alsek and Yukon River headwaters, flanked on the southwest by the Coastal and St Elias mountains and on the northeast by the Selwyn range.” The Northern Tutchone occupy the central portion or “heart” of the Yukon while the Southern Tutchone are found in the southwest area of the Yukon Although the root of both languages is similar, the languages are now so dissimilar in content (a speaker of either would have difficulty communicating with a speaker of the other) that some sources consider them to be separate languages |
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©2010 J Keffer |
